6 Types of Foundation Waterproofing Membranes, Essential Features

Written By Adam Paul - Waterproofing Expert

Foundation waterproofing membranes are protective layers which are installed on the foundation walls and floor in order to protect the foundation from ground water impact. Waterproofing membranes can be applied both the interior and exterior of the foundation. Foundation waterproofing membranes are available in different types and they provide different levels of water protection to the foundation structure.

These are the most efficient 6 types of waterproofing membranes that can be used for foundation waterproofing.

1. Cementitious waterproofing
2. Bentonite waterproofing
3. Bituminous waterproofing
4. Liquid waterproofing
5. Self-adhesive (PU, Acrylic, Liquid rubber) waterproofing
6. Hybrid waterproofing

When choosing a foundation waterproofing, it should have higher water resistance, considerable flexibility, higher adhesion, chemical resistance, root resistance, and higher workmanship in order to create an efficient and cost effective waterproofing layer. 

Below Aqviz has included all the 6 types of waterproofing membranes and their essential features as a foundation waterproofing. You should consider all of them when you use them for your foundation waterproofing projects. 

What are the 6 Types of Foundation Waterproofing Membranes?

Foundation waterproofing is essential to protect the foundation from the water. We have tested and used all of these waterproofing membranes in our projects. So, I would like to share our experience with you about these 6 foundation waterproofing membranes.  

1. Cementitious waterproofing for foundation

Cementitious waterproofing consists of cement-based compounds mixed with polymer additives, silica, and other chemical components. When applied to concrete surfaces, these compounds create a rigid, waterproof barrier, making them a common choice for foundations, basements, retaining walls, and other concrete structures.

Water resistance of the cementitious waterproofing: Cementitious waterproofing forms a dense, impermeable layer that resists water penetration, making it ideal for areas with high moisture exposure. When the water table rises, this material effectively blocks hydrostatic pressure from forcing water through the foundation walls. we always recommend reinforcing cementitious coatings with a crystalline admixture or fiber additives to enhance its flexible abilities.

Flexibility of cementitious waterproofing: One of the main limitations of cementitious waterproofing is its rigid nature. Polymer modified versions have a small degree of flexibility.. Therefore, we highly recommend using cementitious waterproofing membranes for minimal structural movement areas.  While polymer-modified versions offer some degree of flexibility, they still don’t match the elasticity of liquid membranes or bituminous coatings. 

To compensate for this, at Aqviz, we often recommend using a dual-system approach to cementitious waterproofing as a base coat, followed by a more flexible membrane on top, especially in high-movement zones.

Adhesion of the cementitious waterproofing: Cementitious coatings bond exceptionally well to concrete foundation surfaces. Since the material integrates with the substrate, it doesn’t peel off or delaminate over time. For best results, we suggest applying a primer coat or lightly dampening the surface before applying the cementitious mix on the foundation surface. 

Chemical resistance of the cementitious waterproofing: Cementitious waterproofing holds up well against mildly acidic and alkaline environments. It is resistant to most natural groundwater conditions. However, it does not perform well against strong acids or aggressive chemicals, which can degrade the cement matrix over time.

Root resistance of the cementitious waterproofing: Unlike some flexible membranes, cementitious waterproofing is not particularly root-resistant. If it is applied on foundation walls near landscaping, aggressive tree roots may find their way through any small cracks or joints. it potentially damages the waterproofing barrier.

Workmanship of cementitious waterproofing: One of the biggest advantages of cementitious waterproofing is its ease of application. It can be applied using a brush, trowel, or spray, and since it’s water-based, there’s no need for special safety gear like with solvent-based coatings. It can be applied on both the positive side, and the negative side waterproofing.

At Aqviz, we recommend cementitious waterproofing for basements, foundation walls, and water-retaining structures where a durable, rigid barrier is needed.

2. Bentonite waterproofing for foundation

Bentonite waterproofing consists of natural sodium bentonite clay. It is often mixed with synthetic polymers and geotextile fabrics. This material swells when it comes into contact with water and forms a dense, self-sealing barrier that prevents moisture infiltration. It is commonly used for foundations, basements, tunnels, and below-grade structure waterproofing.

Water resistance of bentonite waterproofing: Bentonite waterproofing creates a swelling, impermeable barrier that effectively blocks water penetration to the foundation. When the water table rises, the clay expands, filling gaps and voids within the foundation surface. This swelling ability provides an automatic self-sealing effect, making it highly effective against water intrusion. 

Flexibility of bentonite waterproofing: Bentonite waterproofing is highly flexible due to its swelling nature. Unlike rigid waterproofing systems, bentonite adapts to minor structural movements without losing its effectiveness in foundations. Therefore, we highly recommend bentonite waterproofing membranes for areas where slight settling or shifting of the foundation may occur. 

Adhesion of the bentonite waterproofing: Bentonite waterproofing does not rely on adhesion like cementitious or liquid membranes onto the foundation surface. Instead, it functions as a physical barrier that swells to fill gaps and voids. 

Chemical resistance of bentonite waterproofing: Bentonite waterproofing performs well in neutral and slightly alkaline environments but may be affected by highly acidic or saline conditions. Some chemicals can reduce the clay’s ability to swell, diminishing its waterproofing effectiveness. 

Root resistance of the bentonite waterproofing: Unlike some synthetic membranes, bentonite waterproofing is not inherently root-resistant. If it is applied on foundation walls near landscaping, tree roots may penetrate the material over time, and cracks or voids may develop. 

Workmanship of bentonite waterproofing: One of the biggest advantages of bentonite waterproofing is its self-sealing ability. It reduces the risk of installation errors. It is typically applied as a sheet membrane, spray-applied slurry, or in panel form to the foundation surface. It can be applied on both positive-side and blind-side foundation waterproofing.

3. Bituminous waterproofing for foundation

Bituminous waterproofing consists of bitumen-based compounds, often reinforced with polymers or fiberglass. This material creates a durable, water-resistant layer that protects foundations, basements, and below and upper structures. It is available in sheet membranes, liquid coatings, and self-adhesive rolls.

Water resistance of the bituminous waterproofing: Bituminous waterproofing forms a seamless, highly water-resistant barrier that prevents moisture infiltration to the foundation. It withstands hydrostatic pressure and is ideal for areas with high groundwater levels, foundations. When the water table rises, the membrane remains intact, keeping water from penetrating the foundation. We always recommend a proper primer and multiple layers for enhanced water resistance.

Flexibility of the bituminous waterproofing: Bituminous membranes have moderate flexibility, especially when modified with polymers like SBS or APP. They can accommodate minor structural movements but are less elastic than liquid-applied membranes. Therefore, we highly recommend bituminous waterproofing for areas with stable foundations. 

Adhesion of the bituminous waterproofing: Bituminous membranes bond well to foundation concrete surfaces long lasting. For best results, we suggest applying a primer coat on the foundation before installation to enhance bonding and prevent delamination over time.

Chemical resistance of the bituminous waterproofing: Bituminous waterproofing resists most natural groundwater chemicals but may degrade when exposed to strong acids, solvents, or oils. It performs well in mildly acidic and alkaline conditions at the foundations.

Root resistance of the bituminous waterproofing: Some bituminous membranes are root-resistant, but standard versions may be vulnerable to root penetration over time. It can be damaged by the aggressive roots when it is applied to the foundation.

Workmanship of the bituminous waterproofing: Bituminous membranes are available in both torch-applied and self-adhesive forms. Torch-applied membranes require skilled labor and safety precautions, while self-adhesive sheets offer easier installation on foundations.

4. Liquid waterproofing for foundation

Liquid waterproofing membrane consists of liquid-applied coatings that cure to form a seamless, flexible, and waterproof barrier on the foundation surface. These membranes are typically made from polyurethane, acrylic, or rubber-based compounds. They offer strong adhesion and adaptability to foundation surfaces. 

Water resistance of the liquid waterproofing membrane: Liquid membranes create a continuous, waterproof layer that effectively prevents moisture penetration to the foundation. 

Flexibility of the liquid waterproofing membrane: One of the key advantages of liquid membranes is their high flexibility. They can stretch and accommodate structural movements without cracking, making them ideal for foundations in shifting or expansive soils. Therefore, we highly recommend liquid waterproofing membranes for areas with significant movement or vibration, such as the foundation areas. 

To compensate for this, at Aqviz, we often recommend reinforcing liquid membranes with a fabric layer in high movement areas for added durability and strength.

Adhesion of the liquid waterproofing membrane: Liquid membranes bond strongly to concrete, masonry, and metal surfaces and form a secure, long-lasting seal on the foundation surface. For best results, we suggest ensuring the surface is clean and dry before application and using a primer where necessary.

Chemical resistance of the liquid waterproofing membrane: These membranes are resistant to most common chemicals, including mild acids, alkalis, and groundwater contaminants. However, exposure to harsh solvents or industrial chemicals may degrade certain formulations over time. 

Root resistance of the liquid waterproofing membrane: Standard liquid membranes are not inherently root-resistant, but certain formulations include root inhibitors. If it is applied on the foundations near aggressive roots landscaping, root may penetrate the membrane over time. 

Workmanship of the liquid waterproofing membrane: One of the biggest advantages of liquid membranes is their ease of application on the foundation. They can be applied using a roller, brush, or spray, requiring minimal labor compared to sheet membranes. Since they form a seamless coating, they are well-suited for complex shapes and detailed areas in the foundation surface.

5. Self additive waterproofing for foundation

Self-adhesive waterproofing consists of pre-manufactured bituminous or rubberized asphalt sheets with a self-adhesive backing. These membranes require heat or open flames during installation on the surface.

Water resistance of the self-adhesive waterproofing: Self-adhesive membranes create a fully bonded, impermeable layer that effectively blocks water penetration. When the water table rises, the membrane resists hydrostatic pressure and prevents moisture infiltration. Hence it can be used as a successful foundation waterproofing with proper overlapping and sealing.

Flexibility of the self-adhesive waterproofing: These membranes offer moderate flexibility, adapting to minor structural movements on foundations without cracking or tearing. Polymer-modified versions provide better elasticity than standard bituminous membranes. Therefore, we highly recommend self-adhesive waterproofing for areas with stable foundations and controlled movement. 

Adhesion of the self-adhesive waterproofing: Self-adhesive membranes bond strongly to concrete and masonry surfaces. Hence, it can be used for foundation waterproofing with using adhesive backing like torch membranes or liquid adhesives.  

Chemical resistance of the self-adhesive waterproofing: These membranes resist most natural groundwater chemicals, including mild acids and alkalis. However, exposure to harsh solvents or petroleum-based substances may degrade the adhesive layer.

Root resistance of the self-adhesive waterproofing: Standard self-adhesive membranes are not root-resistant, and aggressive roots can penetrate the material over time. When you use it for foundations near the root,  we recommend using a root-resistant variant for foundations near vegetation.

Workmanship of the self-adhesive waterproofing: One of the biggest advantages of self-adhesive membranes is their ease of installation on the foundation. They require no open flames or specialized equipment, making them a safer alternative to torch-applied membranes. Sheet membranes are simply peeled and pressed onto the foundation surface and it is a quick and efficient process. 

6. Hybrid waterproofing for foundation

Hybrid waterproofing membrane consists of a combination of different waterproofing technologies, typically blending cementitious, bituminous, polyurethane, or acrylic-based materials to enhance durability, flexibility, and adhesion. These membranes offer the benefits of multiple systems, making them ideal for complex foundation structures, basements, podium decks, and retaining walls.

Water resistance of the hybrid waterproofing membrane: Hybrid membranes create a seamless, highly water-resistant barrier that prevents moisture penetration into the foundation. By combining different waterproofing properties, they provide superior protection against hydrostatic pressure when the water table rises at the foundation. 

So Aqviz, We always recommend selecting a hybrid system tailored to the specific water exposure level of the foundation.

Flexibility of the hybrid waterproofing membrane: Hybrid membranes offer excellent flexibility.  It can withstand higher structural movements without cracking or tearing. They can stretch and contract effectively. Therefore, we highly recommend hybrid waterproofing membranes for areas with frequent temperature variations or foundation settlement.

Adhesion of the hybrid waterproofing membrane: These membranes exhibit strong adhesion to concrete, masonry, and metal surfaces. They can bond chemically or mechanically, ensuring a durable waterproofing layer on the foundation.

Chemical resistance of the hybrid waterproofing membrane: Hybrid membranes provide enhanced resistance to a broad range of chemicals, including mild acids, alkalis, and industrial contaminants. Aqviz, we recommend this for chemically harsh environment foundations.

Root resistance of the hybrid waterproofing membrane: Certain hybrid membranes include root-resistant additives, preventing penetration from aggressive vegetation. However, standard versions may not be inherently root-resistant. So this is not always suitable for higher rooted grounds.

Workmanship of the hybrid waterproofing membrane: One of the biggest advantages of hybrid membranes is their versatility and ease of application. They can be applied as a liquid coating, sheet membrane, or spray-applied system on the foundation surface. 

At Aqviz, we recommend hybrid waterproofing membranes for foundations, and basements, where a combination of flexibility, durability, and strong adhesion is needed to ensure long-term protection.

How to waterproof foundation guide will help you to install the above waterproofing membrane from start to finish. Aqviz experts have prepared it for both DIYs and professionals. 

What Should You Consider Before Installing Foundation Waterproofing?

When you install a foundation waterproofing, you should follow these 7 factors. 

1. Water resistance of the foundation waterproofing membrane
2. Flexibility resistance of the foundation waterproofing membrane
3. Adhesion resistance of the foundation waterproofing membrane
4. Chemical resistance of the foundation waterproofing membrane
5. Root resistance of the foundation waterproofing membrane
6. Workmanship of the foundation waterproofing membrane

These 7 factors help you to determine which waterproofing membrane is highly suitable and lasts long on the foundation surfaces.

What Waterproof Membranes can be Used for Foundation Walls?

You can use these 10 types of waterproofing membranes for foundation walls. 

1. Cementitious waterproofing
2. Bentonite waterproofing
3. Bituminous waterproofing
4. Liquid waterproofing membrane
5. Self-adhesive waterproofing membrane
6. Hybrid waterproofing membrane
7. Thermoplastic (PVC/TPO) membranes
8. Polyurethane waterproofing membrane
9. Rubberized asphalt waterproofing membrane
10. Crystalline waterproofing membrane

Read more: How to Waterproof Exterior Foundation Walls?

What is the nanocoating foundation waterproofing?

Nanocoating foundation waterproofing refers to ultra-thin, high-performance waterproofing layers that use nanotechnology to create a hydrophobic (water-repellent) barrier on foundation surfaces. These coatings penetrate deep into concrete pores, forming an invisible yet highly effective moisture barrier.

Aqviz, we recommend nanocoating waterproofing for concrete foundations, basements, and retaining walls, especially in areas needing invisible yet powerful water protection without altering the surface appearance.

What is the hybrid functionality of waterproofing?

The hybrid functionality of waterproofing refers to the combination of different waterproofing technologies to enhance performance, durability, and adaptability. By integrating multiple materials or application methods, hybrid waterproofing systems provide improved water resistance, flexibility, adhesion, and chemical protection compared to single-method solutions.

What is self-adhering of foundation waterproofing?

Self-adhering foundation waterproofing refers to pre-manufactured waterproofing membranes with a built-in adhesive backing that allows them to stick directly to the foundation surface without the need for additional adhesives or heat application. These membranes are typically made from rubberized asphalt, bitumen, or polymer-modified compounds and come in rolls for easy installation.

Are foundation waterproofings eco-friendly?

The eco-friendliness of foundation waterproofing depends on the type of material used. Some waterproofing systems are more environmentally friendly than others due to their composition, application process, and long-term impact.

• Bituminous waterproofing is petroleum-based based hence it can contain VOCs
• Polyurethane and rubberized asphalt membranes contain solvents and synthetic chemicals harmful to the environment. 

So Aqviz, we recommend choosing low-VOC, water-based, and biodegradable waterproofing solutions whenever possible to reduce environmental impact.