Epoxy Waterproofing: Properties, Usage, Installing and Protection

Written By Adam Paul - Waterproofing Expert

Epoxy is scientifically named as polyepoxide. Polypexides are a class of reactive prepolymers and polymers that contain epoxide groups. Epoxy is a combination of epoxy resin and epoxy hardener. After combining epoxy resin and hardener, form a solid compound. 

Epoxy is a waterproof compound. Waterproof epoxy is a water-dissolved, limited flexible, UV-resistant, and durable coating that can be used for positive and negative-side waterproofing such as floors, walls, ceilings, roofs, cracks, joints, pipes, and tanks.

Epoxy is available in 7 main formations according to its ease of usage. The most used epoxy formations are epoxy cement, epoxy paint, epoxy grout, epoxy putty, epoxy sealant, epoxy glue, and epoxy primer. All of these epoxy formations are waterproof, UV resistant, strong, chemical resistant, and water resistant. 

The epoxy waterproofing coating consists of bisphenol-A (BPA) or bisphenol-F (BPF). Epoxy resin is lasts long between 10 to 15 years. Epoxy is not a breathable waterproofing membrane, but it is a flexible and UV-resistant coating. Hence, epoxy waterproofing can be used to waterproof concrete, cement, metal, wood, bricks and stones. The epoxy waterproofing coating is strong and slip-resistant. Hence it can be used to waterproof basements, basement walls, bathroom floors, swim pools, slabs, fountains, toilets, and terraces.

You can apply the epoxy waterproofing as a DIY project in your home. Before applying the epoxy waterproofing layer on the surface, you should prepare the surface clean, dry, and free from any dust, dirt, oil, or grease. You should remove any existing paint or coatings on the surface. Then you can apply the epoxy waterproofing coating using a brush, spray, and roller. After you apply the epoxy sealant, you should keep it curing for about 24 hours. 

Epoxy waterproofing layer can be damaged due to physical impacts, incorrect mixing and applications, and open to extreme temperatures, chemicals, and UV rays. You can protect the epoxy waterproofing coating by regular cleaning, avoiding heavy impacts, limiting exposure to sunlight, recoating, avoiding harsh chemicals and regular inspections. 

You can use polyurethane waterproofing instead of epoxy waterproofing. But both of these waterproofing methods have different performances. 

Is Epoxy Waterproofing?

Yes, epoxy is a waterproofing compound that consists of two main components: epoxy resin and epoxy hardener. Waterproof epoxy is a water-dissolved, limited flexible, UV-resistant, and durable coating that can be used for positive and negative-side waterproofing such as floors, walls, ceilings, roofs, cracks, joints, pipes, and tanks.

Epoxy waterproofing is available as epoxy resin, cement, paint, grout, putty, sealant, glue, and primer. These epoxy waterproofing adhesives are available in order to easy to apply, reduce curing time, improve cost-effectiveness, and be compatible with surface conditions. 

What are the Properties of Waterproof Epoxy?

The properties of epoxy waterproofing are compound material, water resistance, chemical resistance, excellent adhesion, non-toxicity, high durability, less breathability, limited flexibility, pigments, UV resistance, smooth finish and easy cleaning and maintenance. 

What Are the Compounds of Epoxy Waterproofing?

The epoxy waterproofing consists of 4 main compounds such as epoxy resin, curing agent or hardener, modifiers and additives, and solvents. 

1. Epoxy resins improve the durability and strength of the final coating. Epoxy resin consists of bisphenol-A (BPA) or bisphenol-F (BPF). 
2. Epoxy hardener should mixed with epoxy resin. After mixing epoxy resin and hardener, initiate a chemical reaction that forms a solid layer. The final epoxy sealant is a solid, hard, strong and limited flexible coating due to epoxy hardener. 
3. Epoxy additives and modifiers include flexibilizers to increase flexibility, fillers to enhance strength or reduce cost, thickeners to adjust viscosity, and pigments for coloration.
4. Solvents in epoxy are used to adjust the viscosity of the epoxy mixture for easier application on the surface.

How Long an Epoxy Waterproofing Last?

Epoxy waterproofing is lasts between 10 to 15 years. The durability of the epoxy waterproofing depends on the epoxy product quality, surface preparation, application method, environmental condition, substrate compatibility, maintenance and intended use and traffic. 

Is Epoxy Waterproofing Breathable?

Epoxy waterproofing is not breathable. Epoxy waterproofing is a dense and water-tight sealant that does not allow to pass the water vapor through. Hence, epoxy is highly recommended on concrete structures where complete water resistance is essential. Due to the zero-breathability epoxy waterproofing layer, moisture vapor does not escape through the layer. Hence, blisterings can be observed inside the coating.

Is Epoxy Waterproofing Flexible?

Yes, the epoxy waterproof coating is limited flexible due to the includes of the epoxy flexiblizers. Due to its limited flexibility, it can withstand thermal fluctuations, small structural movements, and other physical forces. 

Is Epoxy Waterproofing UV Resistant?

Epoxy waterproofing that are formulated with UV-resistant additives or pigments is waterproof. But traditional epoxy is not UV resistant. If and only if the epoxy waterproofing is UV resistant can be used for outdoor usage because UV radiation can break down the chemical bonds in epoxy resin. It will cause loss of clarity, discoloration and reduce the material performance. You can check the manufacturer's product guide to ensure UV resistance before using it.

What Materials Can I Waterproof Using Epoxy?

You can use waterproof epoxy on concrete, cement, metal, wood, bricks and stone materials to prevent water leaking through the materials. These materials are widely used for construction purposes. Therefore, waterproof epoxy can be used on building components such as basements, foundations, garage floors, bathrooms, slabs, balconies, terraces, swim pools, water tanks, bridges and decks.

Waterproof Epoxy for Concrete

Concrete can be sealed using epoxy waterproof coating in order to prevent water penetration through the layer. Waterproof epoxy forms a water-impermeable, water-tight layer on the concrete surface after the layer is cured and dry. Epoxy can be used as a waterproofing layer on concrete floors, walls, basements, columns, beams, bathrooms, water tanks, slabs, balconies and terraces. 

Waterproof Epoxy for Cement

You can use epoxy for cement waterproofing. Epoxy sealant covers the pores in the cement-concrete and cement-motar mixture. Hence, epoxy waterproof coating can be used as a waterproofing layer for cement-related construction components such as basements, foundations, slabs, bathrooms, water tanks, swim pools, balconies and terraces.

Waterproof Epoxy for Metal

You can use epoxy to waterproof metals. Epoxy sealants form a water-tight and non-breathable layer after it is cured and dry. Due to the zero breathability and water tightness of the epoxy coating, liquid water and water vapor will not pass through the layer. Hence, metal will protect from rust and corrosion. Using waterproof epoxy, you can protect metal pipes and plumbings, bridges and overpasses, storage tanks, metal roofs, steel structures, and metal furniture.

Waterproof Expoxy for Wood

Yes, waterproof epoxy can be used on wood. Epoxy resin is used to seal wooden surfaces by filling cracks and knots in the wood by, making them waterproof and giving them a glossy, smooth finish. Before applying waterproof epoxy on the wood surface should be clean, dry and dust-free. Waterproof epoxy can be used on wooden countertops, tables, and flooring to make them water-resistant and to enhance their natural beauty. 

Waterproof Epoxy for Bricks

You can use waterproof epoxy for brick waterproofing. A waterproof epoxy coating can seal the bricks to prevent water and moisture penetration. Hence you can use epoxy as a waterproofing sealant for the brick walls, floors, and other brick-based structures. Due to the use of epoxy waterproofing brick structures will protect from mold and mildew growth and colder climates.

Waterproof Epoxy for Stone

You can use waterproof epoxy for stone. Waterproof epoxy creates a water-impervious layer on the stone material after it is cured and dry. Epoxy waterproofing can be used to fill in cracks and chips. The final epoxy coating will be a smooth and glossy finish surface. Epoxy waterproofing can be used on useful for porous stones, such as marble or granite, which can be prone to staining or water damage.

What Building Components Can I Waterproof Using Epoxy?

Epoxy Waterproofing on the Basement

You can use epoxy waterproofing for basement waterproofing. Epoxy waterproofing can be used on basement floors, walls, and ceilings that are made of concrete, cement, bricks, stone and wood. Waterproof epoxy forms a protective sealant on the surface, preventing water and moisture from seeping into these materials. Epoxy waterproofing is one of the better waterproofing methods for the basement due to its durability, strength, chemical and abrasion resistance, aesthetic appeal and ease of use. You can inject epoxy to seal the severe leaks in the basement.

Epoxy Waterproofing on Basement Walls

Epoxy waterproofing can be used for basement walls as negative-side waterproofing. Waterproof epoxy sealant can be applied on any concrete, block, or poured concrete basement wall materials. Epoxy sealer can be used for basements due to its seamless water-tight seal, watertight than surface membranes, no wear and tear with time, DIY friendly, and chemical resistant material.

Epoxy Waterproofing on the Garage Floor

Epoxy waterproofing can be used on the garage floor waterproofing. Epoxy waterproofing can be applied on the concrete, wood, stone, and brick garage floor after cleaning the surface free from oil, dust, and debris. Epoxy sealant is a durable and resilient, water resistant, easy to clean, chemical resistant waterproof layer for the garage floor. 

Epoxy Waterproofing on Flooring

Epoxy waterproofing can be used as floor sealant. Waterproof epoxy can be used on floor materials such as concrete, wood, tile, and metal. Epoxy waterproofing can build an impenetrable barrier against moisture intrusion. Hence epoxy coating can prevent water penetration through pores for concrete floors, stop rotting and decaying in wood floors, and prevent rust and corrosion on metal floors.

Epoxy waterproofing is durable, higher wear and tear resistant, cost-effective, water and chemical resistant and less maintenance sealant compared to other waterproofing materials. Hence it is suitable waterproofing material for the flooring.

Epoxy Waterproofing on the Bathroom Floor

Epoxy waterproofing can be used on bathroom floors. Waterproof epoxy protects the bathroom floor against moisture and water damage that are reasons to mildew and mold growth. The epoxy waterproofing coating is resistant to water and chemicals. Epoxy waterproofing coating is no seams, hence no grout lines where dirt and grime can accumulate; therefore, it can be easy to clean and maintain.

Epoxy Waterproofing on Swim Pools

Epoxy waterproofing can be used for swimming pool waterproofing. The epoxy waterproof coating is highly recommended for the swimpool waterproofing. Because swimming pools is constantly exposed to water, chlorine, and the harsh sunlight, which can degrade many materials, hence epoxy coating can be applied to both the interior shell of the pool and the deck surrounding it to protect concrete, plaster, and tile materials from water infiltration and damage.

Due to the water impermeability of the epoxy, it prevents water absorbtions and leaks. As well as, epoxy is chemical resistant, it prevents damage due to harsh chemicals in pool water. Due to the UV resistant, epoxy will not fade or degrade on the pool surface. In addition, epoxy coatings create a slip-resistant surface that enhances the safety aspect around pool areas.

Epoxy Waterproofing on Slab

Epoxy waterproofing can be used to waterproof slabs. Epoxy waterproofing builds a robust and impermeable seal on the concrete surface that prevents water from penetrating and causing damage to beams, soffit, and the bottom side of the slab. Epoxy waterproofing prevents water damage and improves the aesthetic appeal of the surface. It can be used for concrete slabs, stone slabs, metal slabs, and wood decks. 

Epoxy Waterproofing on Fountain

Epoxy is an excellent waterproof solution for fountain waterproofing. Epoxy waterproofing can be used to waterproof fountains because the fountain is always exposed to water, sunlight, and heat. Hence, fountain material can leak, erode, crack and be damaged. You can use epoxy for waterproofing the fountain because epoxy is UV-resistant, water-resistant, rust-proof and chemical-resistant with limited flexibility properties. Therefore epoxy waterproofing sealant can withstand on the fountain surface with protecting that. 

Epoxy Waterproofing on Toilet

Epoxy waterproofing is an excellent solution for toilet waterproofing. Waterproof epoxy is a water-resistant, scratch-resistant, UV-resistant, chemical-resistant impermeable layer. Hence it can prevent water seepage, mold growth, and damage on the toilet wall and floor surface. Epoxy can be applied on different material toilet surfaces such as concrete, tiles, and metal. As well as epoxy sealant provides a seamless, glossy finish surface that is easy to clean and maintain, which helps to improve hygiene.

Compared to other waterproofing methods, epoxy is more durable and can withstand the constant wear and tear experienced in toilets. Due to its chemical resistance, the waterproofing coating can withstand cleaning chemicals without any fading or colour change. 

Epoxy Waterproofing on Terrace

Epoxy waterproofing is a great solution for terraces. Terraces are exposed to rain, snow, and sunlight, which can cause various water-related issues such as leaks, cracks, and degradation of the surface material. By applying an epoxy coating, you create a waterproof barrier that prevents water from penetrating and causing damage.

 Epoxy can be used on a variety of terrace surfaces, including concrete, tiles, and metal. Epoxy is more durable than other waterproofing methods and can withstand the harsh weather conditions that terraces are often exposed to. It's also resistant to UV rays, which means it won't degrade or fade over time, unlike some other waterproofing materials. Therefore, epoxy waterproofing is a long-lasting, effective, and attractive solution for terrace waterproofing.

How to Apply Epoxy Waterproofing?

You can apply the epoxy waterproofing by following these 6 steps. 

1. Prepare the surface: First, you should prepare the surface clean, dry, and free from any dust, dirt, oil, or grease. You should remove any existing paint or coatings on the surface. You can add some mild acid solution to bond better if the surface is concrete.
2. Apply the primer: Apply a suitable epoxy primer to the surface. This will help the epoxy coating adhere better and last longer. 
3. Mix the epoxy: After the primer is completely dry, mix the epoxy two parts: resin and hardener, before applying them on the surface. You should always follow the manufacturer's instructions for the correct mixing ratio.
4. Applying on the surface: You can apply the epoxy mixture on the prepared surface using a roller or brush. The epoxy thickness should be between 2mm - 5mm.
5. Allow for curing: After the epoxy is applied on the surface, leave it for curing for about 24 hours. The curing time of the epoxy waterproofing is varies with the product and the environmental conditions. 
6. Apply the second coating: You should apply the second coat If the manufacturer recommends it, or if you want a thicker coating. The second coating should be applied on the surface after the first one has fully cured.

How to Protect Epoxy Waterproofing?

Epoxy waterproofing coating can be protected and improve effectiveness by following these 6 steps such as regular cleaning, avoiding heavy impacts on the surface, limiting exposure to sunlight, recoat when needed, avoiding harsh chemicals, and doing regular inspections and maintenance when needed.

1. Regular cleaning the coating: Keep the surface clean from dirt, dust, and spills. You can use mild, non-abrasive cleaning agents and avoid harsh chemicals.
2. Avoid heavy Impact: Try to prevent dropping heavy objects on the surface that can cause cracks or chips in the epoxy coating.
3. Limit exposure to sunlight: In order to protect the epoxy waterproofing layer from UV rays, you can use cover to limit the amount of direct sunlight on the epoxy surface. 
4. Recoat when needed: Epoxy coating can wear and tear due to high foot traffic. You can apply a new coat of epoxy to maintain its waterproofing properties.
5. Avoid harsh chemicals: Epoxy coating should not be exposed to certain harsh chemicals that can degrade the coating. 
6. Regular inspection: You should do regular inspections of the epoxy surface for any signs of damage like cracks, chips, or discoloration. 

How to Damage an Epoxy Waterproofing?

Epoxy waterproofing can be damaged due to these 6 reasons such as physical impact, incorrect mixing or application, extreme temperature, prolonged chemical exposure, prolonged Uv exposure and abrasions occur on the surface.

1. Physical Impact: Epoxy waterproofing coating can be damaged due to hHeavy impact from dropping heavy objects or moving heavy equipment can cause cracks or chips in the epoxy coating. 
2. Incorrect mixing and application: Epoxy waterproofing sealant can be damaged If the epoxy resin and hardener are not mixed in the correct proportions or if the surface was not properly prepared before application, the epoxy may not cure properly, leading to a weak or uneven coating that can easily get damaged.
3. Open to extreme temperatures: Epoxy waterproofing layer can be damaged due to open extreme heat or cold can cause it to expand or contract. This temperature fluctuation can cause to potentially lead to cracks.
4. Open to heavy chemicals: Epoxy waterproofing layer can be damaged due to exposure the too many chemicals long time. This can degrade the waterproofing layer over time.
5. Exposure to UV rays: Epoxy waterproofing layer can be damaged due to exposure to constant sunlight because sunlight consists of UV rays and it causes to decay the epoxy waterproofing layer over time.
6. Abrasions: Epoxy waterproofing layer can be damaged due to constant heavy foot traffic or dragging heavy objects across the surface can wear down the epoxy over time.

What are the Epoxy Based Materials?

Epoxy-based materials are a class of products that use epoxy resins as their primary binder. These materials are known for their strong adhesive properties, durability, chemical resistance, and versatility. Here are the main types of epoxy-based materials: epoxy cement, epoxy paint, epoxy grout, epoxy putty, epoxy sealants, epoxy glue, and epoxy primers.

Is Epoxy Cement Waterproof?

Epoxy cement is waterproof once it is fully cured. Waterproof epoxy cement is made by mixing epoxy resin and cementitious powder or sand. Epoxy cement waterproofing can be used as a filler for bonding, repairing, or filling cracks and gaps in structures. 

Epoxy cement is extremely durable and can withstand heavy loads, vibrations, and temperature fluctuations without losing its waterproofing properties. Waterproof epoxy cement has limited flexibility, UV resistant, chemical resistant, water resistant, has higher durability, and is easy to apply on the surface. 

Is Epoxy Paint Waterproof?

Epoxy paint is waterproof due to the inherent properties of epoxy resin. Once epoxy waterproof paint is applied on the surface and cured, it forms a protective barrier on the surface to prevent water from seeping through. Waterproof epoxy paint is durable, UV resistant, watertight, flexible, chemical resistant, and strong coating. Hence, epoxy resin, especially, can be used on high-traffic floors, marine applications, concrete, metal, and wood surfaces. 

Epoxy paint is a type of paint that contains epoxy resin as one of its main components. Waterproof epoxy paint consists of epoxy resin, curing agent, pigments for color, and additives to improve the performance. 

Is Epoxy Grout Waterproof?

Epoxy grout is a 100% waterproof compound that can be used for tiling and masonry works in frequently wet areas. Waterproof epoxy grout is water resistant, chemical resistant, stain resistant, hygiene durable and easy to maintain. Hence, epoxy grout can be used for waterproof swimming pools, bathrooms, kitchens, and high-traffic areas.

Epoxy grout is a combination of epoxy resin, hardener, and additives. Cured epoxy grout is a strong and hardened waterproof layer. Unlike cement-based grout, epoxy grout, is also stain-resistant and doesn't require sealing.

Is Epoxy Putty Waterproof?

Epoxy putty is a waterproof, adhesive substance at room temperature. Epoxy putty is a non-dissolved, water-resistant, strong, chemical-resistant, and UV-resistant material. Epoxy putty can be used for plumbing repairs, pools, boat repairs, bathroom and kitchen repairs, aquarium repairs, and underwater repairs and maintenance due to its waterproofing and adhesiveness.

Epoxy putty is made from resin and hardener. Cured epoxy putty can withstand high pressure and temperature. Hence it can be used on a wide range of water-related repair and maintenance in metal, glass, and wood materials. 

Is Epoxy Sealent Waterproof?

Epoxy sealant is a waterproof coating. After the epoxy sealant is cured it forms a strong, hard, durable, water-resistant, UV-resistant, chemical-resistant coating. Cured epoxy sealant form a strong, hard, water-resistant and water impervious layer. Hence epoxy sealant can be used to waterproof home components and metal, wood, and concrete materials.

Is Epoxy Glue Waterproof?

Epoxy glue is waterproof once the layer is cured. Epoxy glue is water-resistant, chemical-resistant, UV-resistant, harder, and stronger than regular glue. Hence waterproof epoxy glue can be used for environmental that are exposed to water and moisture. Epoxy glue can be used for marine applications, plumbing, outdoor repair, and construction.

Is Epoxy Primer Waterproof?

Epoxy primer can improve the bonding between the waterproofing layer and surface. Hence epoxy primer can improve the waterproofness of the coating. Epoxy primers are often used in applications where moisture resistance is important, such as on concrete floors, bathrooms, or in marine environments. 

What is the Polyurethane Waterproofing?

Polyurethane waterproofing is a type of waterproofing method that uses a polyurethane membrane to protect surfaces from water damage. Polyurethane is a flexible, durable, UV-resistant, and weather-resistant waterproof material that can be used for building components waterproofing. Polyurethane waterproofing consists of two types: liquid membrane and sheet membrane.

1. Polyurethane liquid membrane - Polyurethane liquid is a thin, liquid-applied coating that cures to form a seamless, flexible, and durable waterproofing membrane. It can be applied to a variety of surfaces, including concrete, metal, and wood. Polyurethane waterproofing is often used for roofs, decks, and areas with many details or complex geometries due to its irregular shapes.
2. Polyurethane sheet membrane - A polyurethane sheet is a pre-formed sheet that is adhered to the surface to provide waterproofing. IPolyurethane sheet membrane is used in below-grade applications such as basements and foundations, where there is a high risk of water ingress.

Is Polyurethane Waterproofing Better than Epoxy?

Epoxy waterproofing is known for its durability, resistance to chemicals, and ability to provide a high-gloss finish. It forms a hard, rigid surface that can withstand heavy foot traffic and is therefore often used in commercial and industrial settings. Epoxy is also a great choice for waterproofing basements, garages, and other concrete surfaces.

Polyurethane waterproofing is more flexible than epoxy, which allows it to accommodate movement and expansion in the substrate better. This makes it an excellent choice for areas that are prone to shifting and settling, such as roofs and decks. Polyurethane also has superior resistance to UV rays, making it a better choice for outdoor applications.

Is Cementitious Waterproofing Stronger than Epoxy?

No, cementitious waterproofing is not stronger than epoxy because cementitious waterproofing is less flexible and not resistant to chemicals; hence it can be damaged due to external forces and chemicals easily. Therefore it should not be used for higher foot traffic and chemical areas.