6 Types of EPDM Membrane: What it is, Uses, Pros, and Cons

Written By Adam Paul – Waterproofing Expert

EPDM waterproofing membranes are available in 6 different types. Among them, 2 types are based on the membrane structure, 3 Types are based on the installation type, and 1 is related to the color of the EPDM membrane.

6 Types of EPDM membranes

Reinforced EPDM Membrane
Non-Reinforced EPDM Membranes
Self-Adhesive EPDM Membranes
Mechanically Fastened EPDM Membranes
Ballasted EPDM Membranes
White EPDM Membranes

Aqviz experts have prepared this guide, including all the details about EPDM waterproofing by considering the above properties, which are essential for homeowners. We recommend that you use this guide before selecting an EPDM waterproofing for your home improvement project.

1. Reinforced EPDM Membranes

Reinforced EPDM membranes are composed of EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) rubber that is internally reinforced with a polyester fabric scrim. This reinforcement enhances puncture resistance, tensile strength, and dimensional stability, making it ideal for high-traffic areas and mechanically fastened applications. Unlike non-reinforced EPDM, the polyester reinforcement prevents excessive stretching and maintains structural integrity under extreme weather conditions.

Reinforced EPDM membranes are available in 45-mil (1.14 mm), 60-mil (1.52 mm), and 75-mil (1.90 mm) thicknesses.

Before you install the reinforced EPDM membrane, you should read this important guide. It includes all about EPDM Waterproofing, and it includes all details about the definition, properties, test methods, usage, installation, and protection

5 Common Uses of Reinforced EPDM Membranes

Commercial and industrial flat roofs
Mechanically attached roofing systems
Metal roof retrofits
Waterproofing for high-wind areas
Roofs with heavy foot traffic

Pros of Reinforced EPDM Membranes

High puncture resistance: Reinforced EPDM membranes withstand heavy foot traffic and equipment loads.
Better dimensional stability: Reinforced EPDM membranes resist shrinking and stretching over time.
Stronger wind uplift performance: Reinforced EPDM membranes are ideal for mechanically fastened systems.
Superior tear strength: Reinforced EPDM membranes reduce risks of damage during installation and maintenance.
Longevity and durability: Reinforced EPDM membranes are designed for long-term performance in extreme weather conditions.

Cons of Reinforced EPDM Waterproofing Membranes

Higher cost: Reinforced EPDM membrane is more expensive than non-reinforced EPDM due to added reinforcement.
Less flexibility: Reinforced EPDM membrane is harder to stretch and mold around complex roof shapes.
Heavier weight: Reinforced EPDM membrane can be more challenging to install compared to non-reinforced versions.
Requires specialized installation: Reinforced EPDM membrane needs proper fastening and seam sealing techniques.
More seams required: Reinforced EPDM membrane typically comes in smaller sheet sizes than non-reinforced EPDM.

Read more about these 10 Types of Waterproofing Membranes if you wish to use another waterproofing method rather than EPDM.

2. Non-Reinforced EPDM Membrane

Non-reinforced EPDM membranes are flexible, single-ply rubber sheets made purely of EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) material without any internal reinforcement. Non reinforced EPDM membranes are highly elastic, allowing it to stretch and conform to irregular surfaces, making it a preferred choice for fully adhered and loose-laid applications. Due to its high elongation (up to 465%), it can accommodate structural movements, thermal expansion, and substrate shifts without tearing or cracking.

Non-reinforced EPDM membranes are available in 45-mil (1.14 mm), 60-mil (1.52 mm), and 90-mil (2.29 mm) thicknesses, with thicker versions offering enhanced durability and longer lifespan.

Common Uses of Non-Reinforced EPDM Membranes

Fully adhered roofing systems
Waterproofing terraces and balconies
Green roofs and planter boxes
Basement and foundation waterproofing
Complex roof designs with many penetrations

Pros of Non-Reinforced EPDM Membranes

Superior flexibility: Non-Reinforced EPDM membranes conform easily to irregular surfaces and penetrations.
Easier to install: Non-Reinforced EPDM membranes are lightweight and require minimal seam fastening.
Seamless appearance: Non-Reinforced EPDM membranes can be installed in large sheets to reduce seams.
Ideal for waterproofing details: Non-Reinforced EPDM membranes are best for flashing, expansion joints, and curved structures.
Long lifespan: Non-Reinforced EPDM membranes can last over 30 years with proper installation and maintenance.

Cons of Non-Reinforced EPDM Membranes

Lower puncture resistance: Non-Reinforced EPDM membranes are more vulnerable to tears and mechanical damage.
Not suitable for high-traffic areas: Non-Reinforced EPDM membranes can wear down faster under foot traffic.
Requires adhesive bonding: Non-Reinforced EPDM membranes need a strong adhesive to prevent movement.
More prone to shrinkage: Non-Reinforced EPDM membranes can shrink slightly over time if not properly adhered.
Limited wind uplift resistance: Non-Reinforced EPDM membranes are less suitable for mechanically fastened applications.

non-reinforced-epdm-waterproofing — Non reinforced EPDM membranes

3. Self-Adhesive EPDM Membrane

Self-adhesive EPDM membranes, also known as SA EPDM membranes, come with a factory-applied pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) backing that eliminates the need for traditional bonding adhesives. This innovation significantly reduces installation time, labor, and solvent-related odors. The membrane is typically a non-reinforced EPDM sheet with a pre-applied adhesive layer, making it an excellent choice for projects requiring a fast, clean, and efficient waterproofing solution.

Self-adhesive EPDM membranes are available in 60-mil (1.52 mm) thickness and commonly supplied in 10′ x 100′ (3m x 30m) rolls.

Common Uses of Self-Adhesive EPDM Membranes

Low-slope commercial and residential roofs
Waterproofing over existing substrates (retrofits)
Green roofs and terraces
Roofing in environmentally sensitive areas (solvent-free)
Waterproofing near occupied buildings where fumes are a concern

Pros of Self-Adhesive EPDM Membranes

Fast and easy installation: Self-Adhesive EPDM membranes require no adhesives to mix or apply separately.
Solvent-free and low odor: Self-Adhesive EPDM membranes are ideal for schools, hospitals, and enclosed spaces.
Strong and uniform adhesion: Self-Adhesive EPDM membranes securely bond across the entire surface.
Cold-weather installation: Self-Adhesive EPDM membranes can be installed at temperatures as low as -7°C (20°F).
Fewer materials needed: Self-Adhesive EPDM membranes eliminate the need for additional adhesives and primers in most cases.

Cons of Self-Adhesive EPDM Membranes

Higher material cost: Self-Adhesive EPDM membranes are more expensive than traditional adhered EPDM.
Limited flexibility during installation: Self-Adhesive EPDM membranes, once adhered, are difficult to reposition.
Requires a clean, dry substrate: Self-Adhesive EPDM membranes need a dust-free, moisture-free, and debris-free surface for proper adhesion.
Not suitable for mechanically fastened systems: Self-Adhesive EPDM membranes are designed for adhered applications only.
Shelf life considerations: Self-Adhesive EPDM membranes have a limited storage time due to the factory-applied adhesive and require proper handling.

self-adhesive-epdm-waterproofing — Self-adhesive EPDM membrane

4. Mechanically Fastened EPDM Membrane

Mechanically fastened EPDM membranes are designed for wind-uplift resistance and structural stability by securing the membrane to the roof deck using fasteners and seam plates. These membranes are commonly reinforced with polyester fabric to enhance tensile strength and reduce fluttering caused by wind. Unlike fully adhered systems, this installation method allows for faster, more cost-effective application while maintaining durability.

Mechanically fastened EPDM membranes are available in 45-mil (1.14 mm), 60-mil (1.52 mm), and 75-mil (1.90 mm) thicknesses, with thicker options providing added strength and longevity.

Common Uses of Mechanically Fastened EPDM Membranes

Large commercial and industrial flat roofs
High-wind zones and hurricane-prone areas
Metal roof retrofits
Buildings with lightweight roof decks
Budget-conscious projects requiring durability

Pros of Mechanically Fastened EPDM Membranes

Superior wind-uplift resistance: Mechanically fastened EPDM membrane is ideal for buildings in high-wind zones.
Faster installation: Mechanically fastened EPDM membrane requires less adhesive, reducing labor time.
Lightweight system: Mechanically fastened EPDM membrane does not add significant load to the structure.
Good cost efficiency: Mechanically fastened EPDM membrane is more affordable than fully adhered systems.
Easy repair and maintenance: Mechanically fastened EPDM membrane allows for easy membrane replacement if needed.

Cons of Mechanically Fastened EPDM Membranes

Thermal bridging risk: Mechanically fastened EPDM membrane fasteners can create energy loss points.
Potential for membrane flutter: A mechanically fastened EPDM membrane can experience movement and noise in strong winds.
More seams required: Mechanically Fastened EPDM membrane uses smaller sheet sizes, resulting in more field seams.
Substrate-dependent: Mechanically fastened EPDM membrane requires a deck that can hold fasteners securely.
Less aesthetically clean: Mechanically fastened EPDM membrane fasteners and plates may be visible under the membrane.

5. Ballasted EPDM Membrane

Ballasted EPDM membranes are one of the most cost-effective and time-efficient roofing solutions. This system involves loosely laying a large EPDM membrane over the roof substrate and then holding it in place with ballast materials, such as river-washed stones or concrete pavers. Unlike adhered or mechanically fastened systems, ballasted EPDM does not require adhesives or fasteners, making it one of the easiest EPDM roofing methods to install.

Ballasted EPDM membranes are available in 45-mil (1.14 mm), 60-mil (1.52 mm), and 90-mil (2.29 mm) thicknesses. Thicker membranes provide better durability and puncture resistance, especially in areas exposed to foot traffic or environmental stress.

Common Uses of Ballasted EPDM Membrane

Large commercial and industrial buildings
Flat and low-slope roofs
Green roofs and eco-friendly applications
Roofs with minimal penetrations
Budget-friendly waterproofing projects

Pros of Ballasted EPDM Membrane

Quick and easy installation: Ballasted EPDM membrane requires no adhesives or fasteners.
Low labor costs: Ballasted EPDM membrane uses fewer materials and a simplified installation process, reducing costs.
Energy-efficient: Ballasted EPDM membrane provides thermal mass, reducing temperature fluctuations.
Good resistance to UV and weathering: Ballasted EPDM membrane is protected by the ballast layer from direct exposure.
Environmentally friendly: Ballasted EPDM membrane utilizes recyclable materials and minimal chemical use.

Cons of Ballasted EPDM Waterproofing

Heavyweight: Ballasted EPDM membrane requires a strong structural deck to support the ballast load (typically 10-12 lbs/sq. ft.).
Limited roof slope: Ballasted EPDM membrane is not suitable for steep-sloped roofs.
Difficult repairs and inspections: Ballasted EPDM membrane requires ballast removal to access the membrane.
Wind resistance concerns: Ballasted EPDM membrane is not ideal for high-wind zones unless secured properly.
Potential vegetation growth: Ballasted EPDM membrane may develop moss and weed growth due to organic material in the ballast.

6. White EPDM Waterproofing Membrane

White EPDM membranes are a high-performance alternative to traditional black EPDM. White EPDM membranes are designed to provide enhanced energy efficiency and reflectivity to the building. White EPDM waterproofing membranes are made from the same Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) rubber. White EPDM features a reflective white surface that helps reduce heat absorption, making it an excellent choice for hot climates and energy-conscious buildings.

This membrane is available in 60-mil (1.52 mm) thickness and typically comes in wide rolls of up to 20′ (6m) x 100′ (30m), reducing the number of seams required during installation.

Common Uses of White EPDM Membrane

Commercial and industrial low-slope roofs
Energy-efficient and LEED-certified buildings
Buildings in warm climates to reduce cooling costs
Warehouses, data centers, and retail stores
Sustainable and eco-friendly roofing solutions

Pros of White EPDM Membrane

High solar reflectivity: White EPDM membrane reduces roof temperatures and cooling costs.
Energy savings: White EPDM membrane can lower indoor temperatures by up to 15°F (8°C).
Meets cool roof standards: White EPDM membrane is ideal for buildings seeking LEED certification.
Durable and long-lasting: White EPDM membrane resists UV degradation and extreme weather.
Same installation methods as black EPDM

Cons of White EPDM Membrane

Higher material cost: White EPDM membrane is more expensive than traditional black EPDM.
More maintenance required: White EPDM membrane is prone to dirt accumulation.
Reduced heat retention: White EPDM membrane is not ideal for cold climates where heating costs are a concern.
Limited thickness options: White EPDM membrane is typically available only in 60-mil thickness.
Can show seams more visibly: White EPDM membrane may highlight seam lines more than black EPDM.

Read More About: What to Know About Roof Waterproofing?

white-epdm-waterproofing — White EPDM membrane

What is the Difference between EPDM and Bituminous Waterproofing?

EPDM and bituminous waterproofing are two of the most common materials used for roof and structure waterproofing, but they differ significantly in composition, performance, installation, and durability. Let’s break down their key differences:

Material Composition Difference between EPDM and Bituminous Waterproofing

EPDM Membrane: Made from Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) rubber, a synthetic single-ply membrane known for its elasticity, UV resistance, and long lifespan. It is available in non-reinforced, reinforced, and self-adhesive options.
Bituminous Membranes: Derived from asphalt or bitumen, often mixed with polymers for flexibility. It comes in different forms, such as torch-applied bituminous membranes, self-adhesive bitumen sheets, and liquid-applied bituminous coatings.

Performance Differences between EPDM and Bituminous Waterproofing

EPDM Membrane: Excellent UV and ozone resistance, making it highly durable in direct sunlight and extreme weather conditions. Can last over 30-50 years with proper maintenance.
Bituminous Membranes: Prone to UV degradation, requiring additional protection (such as aluminum foil or gravel cover) to prevent premature aging and cracking. Lifespan is usually around 10-20 years.

Installation Differences between EPDM and Bituminous Waterproofing

EPDM Membrane: Installed using fully adhered, mechanically fastened, or ballasted systems. Some options come with self-adhesive backing, making installation faster and solvent-free.
Bituminous Membranes: Typically applied using heat welding (torch-on method), self-adhesive layers, or liquid applications. Torch-applied membranes require skilled labor and proper safety precautions.

Durability

EPDM waterproofing membranes can last about 25-30 years, while bituminous waterproofing membranes can last about 15-20 years when they are maintained properly.

So which one should you choose?

Here are Aqviz’s recommendations.

If you need long-term durability, superior flexibility, and energy efficiency, EPDM is the better choice, especially for large-scale roofing and green building projects.
If you have a tight budget and need a cost-effective solution for short to mid-term waterproofing, bituminous membranes may be suitable, but they require more maintenance and may degrade faster.

Read More About: How to Install EPDM Waterproofing Membranes?

Is EPDM Foam Waterproof?

EPDM foam is not completely waterproof like solid EPDM rubber membranes. EPDM foam is a cellular, sponge-like material that comes in open-cell and closed-cell forms. Open-cell EPDM foam has air pockets, making it water-permeable and unsuitable for waterproofing while closed-cell EPDM foam has a denser structure, providing some water resistance, but it is still not ideal for long-term waterproofing.

But EPDM membranes are non-porous sheet that is 100% waterproof, commonly used in roofing, pond liners, and foundation waterproofing.

Is 100% EPDM Closed-Cell Sponge Rubber Waterproof?

100% EPDM closed-cell sponge rubber is highly water-resistant but not completely waterproof in the same way that solid EPDM rubber membranes are. While closed-cell EPDM foam can repel water to a great extent, it may still allow some moisture penetration under prolonged exposure or pressure.

Is EPDM Rubber Waterproof?

Yes, EPDM rubber is 100% waterproof and is widely used for roofing, waterproofing, and sealing applications. It is a synthetic rubber membrane made from Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM), designed to provide superior water resistance in extreme weather conditions.