10 Types of Waterproofing Membranes: Properties, Applications, Pros, and Cons

Written By Adam Paul - Waterproofing Expert

Waterproofing membranes are water-impervious layers that are installed on the substrate in order to prevent water from leaking into the structure. Waterproofing membranes are mainly two categories: sheet waterproofing membrane and liquid waterproofing membrane. 10 types of waterproofing membranes are belonged to these 2 categories.

These are the 10 types of waterproofing membranes.

1. Cementitious waterproofing
2. Epoxy waterproofing
3. Bituminous waterproofing
4. EPDM waterproofing
5. HDPE waterproofing
6. PVC waterproofing
7. Polymer waterproofing
8. Admixture waterproofing
9. Hypalon waterproofing

Each of these waterproofing types has various properties. Hence these membranes have specific pros and cons. As well as these are used for specific building areas such as foundations, basements, bathrooms etc. Liquid waterproofing can be applied on the surface by using a brush, roller or spray. Torch membranes can be installed on the surface by using a gas torch, while self-adhesive membranes are stuck to the surface without heating it.

Below we have included details about all the types of waterproofing membranes and their practical usage, pros and cons, applications, and maintenance from our experience.

1. Cementitious waterproofing membrane

The cementitious waterproofing membrane is a liquid type waterproof coating made with cement compound to apply on concrete surfaces.

Cementitious waterproofing membranes are mainly three types according to their usage. 

1. Cementitious application: Suitable for uneven concrete surfaces
2. Cementitious rigid application: Suitable for non-changeable dimension objects
3. Cementitious flexible application: Suitable for objects that can have small movements

Cementitious waterproofing membranes can be applied as a liquid coating. Hence, it can be applied on basements, foundations, swimming pools, bathrooms, slabs, and balconies. Due to the liquidity, uneven surfaces and vertical surfaces successfully use a brush. The durability of the cementitious waterproofing membrane is more than 10 years. But durability can vary with the environmental effects and structural stability. 

Cementitious waterproofing membranes have a higher breathability. Hence, it can bond with the concrete perfectly and remove the excess vapor in the structure without damaging the waterproofing layer. Cementitious waterproofing membranes are UV resistant. Hence it can be applied on the open concrete areas to prevent the water from leaking. 

So far we have used Baumerk PUR 625, as a better UV-proof waterproofing coating for our waterproofing project with minimum complaints. The cementitious waterproofing membrane should be maintained properly without damaging the layer.

We have seen that these membranes are mostly damaged due to structural movement, careless drilling, and cutting tasks. You have to spend $5.25 per square foot to apply the cementitious waterproofing on the surface. We highly recommend you as experts to use these popular cementitious waterproofing products such as Laticrate, Hydroban, Sika, Mampei, and Ardex because these products provide minimum maintenance and higher durability for the outdoors.

2. Epoxy Waterproofing Membrane

Epoxy waterproofing membrane is a liquid-type waterproof membrane which is used to waterproof and seal surfaces. 

Epoxy waterproofing membranes are mainly 5 types according to their usage

1. Epoxy coating: Use for basements, garage floors, 
2. Epoxy sealants: Epoxy sealants are used for crack and joint sealants
3. Epoxy grout: Epoxy grout is used for filling gaps between tiles and stone
4. Epoxy putty: Epoxy putty is used for patching and repairing leaks and holes.
5. Epoxy resin and hardener: Use as a coating and layer 
6. Epoxy waterproofing membranes: Use for larger flat roofs, balconies, underground structures

Epoxy waterproofing membranes are last long about 30 - 35 years. Epoxy waterproofing membranes are used on commercial and industrial kitchens, shower areas, swimpool decks, and floors on the building surfaces. Due to the corrosive resistance, epoxy can be used to waterproof the metals also. 

The epoxy membrane is not breathable. Epoxy is a fully covered coating for the material. Epoxy is a hard and brittle material; hence, it can be damaged easily with external force. Epoxy waterproofing membranes are UV resistant. Hence it can be used for outdoor surfaces such as swimpool decks, restaurants, etc. Epoxy resin and hardener should be mixed 1:1 before applying on the surface and kept in until dry, but if you wish to use it for immersing purposes, you should cure it for 7 days under 78 degrees. 

The epoxy waterproofing membrane is not easy to maintain. Although it is fully and permanently waterproof membrane, it is difficult to maintain due to external forces, structure movements, vibrations, and temperature variations. Epoxy waterproofing cost will vary between $3 - $10. You can use Sikafloor - 7500, Sikagard - 62, Gorilla Epoxy, JB weld, ProChem and Devcon.

3. Bituminous Waterproofing Membrane

Bituminous waterproofing membranes are water-dissolved, sticky, higher temperature sensitive, and higher viscosity, deformed at room temperature, black-colored, liquid, or semi-solid forms of petroleum that are used to prevent water leaking from basements, foundations, bathrooms, balconies, rooftops, slabs, and construction surfaces.

Bituminous waterproofing membranes are mainly two types according to their formation, such as sheet membrane and liquid membrane. Sheet bituminous waterproofing membranes are mainly two types such as torch membranes and self-adhesive membranes. 

The durability of bituminous waterproofing membrane is between 10 to 15 years. You can apply a liquid bituminous waterproofing membrane by using a brush, roller, or spray. 

When you install a torch bituminous membrane, you have to use a gas torch to heat the membrane, but the self-adhesive membranes stick to the surface.

Bituminous waterproofing products include bituminous paint, coating, membrane, and bituminous sealant. These membranes are not breathable; hence it can’t pass the moisture. These membranes are flexible; therefore, they can withstand minor structural movements. Some bituminous waterproofing membranes are UV resistant, but this can depend on the specific product.

Self-adhesive bituminous membranes are easy to install with considering other types of sheet membranes but torch-membrane application requires professional expertise. These membranes are easy to maintain, usually only requiring regular inspections and minor repairs if damage occurs.

Bituminous waterproofing membrane can damaged due to poor installation, physical damage from heavy objects, exposure to harsh weather conditions, or aging of the material. The cost of bituminous waterproofing membranes can range from $3 to $6 per square foot.

4. Acrylic Waterproofing Membrane

The acrylic waterproofing membrane is a water-impervious layer that is installed on the building surface to prevent water from leaking inside the structure. Acrylic waterproofing consists of 6 compounds: acrylic polymer, water, fillers, pigments, additives, and preservations. Acrylic waterproofing membranes are mainly 3 types: liquid, sheet, and cementitious. 

The durability of acrylic waterproofing membranes is more than 8 years. These membranes are breathable; hence, they allow vapor water to escape while liquid water is prevented. Acrylic waterproofing is a flexible membrane; hence, it can be used for minor fluctuations in building stability. Most acrylic waterproofing membranes are UV resistant; hence, these are suitable for outdoor use.

Liquid acrylic waterproofing membranes can be applied using a brush, roller, or sprayer. But sheet membranes need an experienced skill for the best result. These membranes are easy to maintain, usually requiring only regular cleaning to remove dirt and debris on the surface. 

Sharp objects, chemicals, extreme temperatures, and improper installation can damage acrylic waterproofing membranes. The acrylic waterproofing on the surface will cost $1 to $5 per square foot. 

5. EPDM Waterproofing Membrane

EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) membrane is a type of sheet waterproofing membrane that is made of synthetic rubber. EPDM waterproofing membranes are two main types: non-reinforced EPDM membranes and reinforced EPDM membranes. These membranes are available in different thicknesses and widths.

The durability of EPDM waterproofing membranes is more than 50 years, with proper maintenance and care. EPDM waterproofing products are available as EPDM sheets, EPDM seam tape, EPDM primer, and EPDM adhesives. These membranes can be used as sheet waterproofing membranes in roofing, pond lines, foundations, decks, balconies, landscapes and gardens, tunnels and bridges

EPDM membranes are breathable. Hence, they allow moisture to evaporate through the waterproofing layer. EPDM waterproofing membranes are flexible. Hence, they withstand minor building movements and temperature fluctuations without cracking or losing their waterproofing properties. These membranes are UV resistant. Therefore, they can withstand prolonged exposure to sunlight without degrading.

EPDM waterproofing membranes are easy to install because they are available as large sheets in order to reduce the number of seams and make the installation process quicker and more efficient. After you install these membranes are easy to maintain, require minimal maintenance, and can be easily repaired if damaged.

EPDM waterproofing membranes can be damaged due to punctures, cuts, or improper installation; exposure to certain chemicals can also damage the membrane. The cost of the EPDM membrane is between $3 to $5 per square foot for materials and installation.

6. HDPE Waterproofing Membrane

HDPE waterproofing is a sheet membrane waterproofing that is made of High-Density Polyethylene, which is used to prevent water penetration into the building. HDPE waterproofing membranes are smooth and textured and consist of two main types: single-layered and double-layered

The durability of HDPE waterproofing membranes is more than 20 years if they are maintained properly. HDPE membranes are applied on the surface by heating or using an adhesive bond. These membranes are available as large sheets in the market. You can use HDPE waterproofing membranes for roofing, basements and foundations, tunnels and bridges, ponds and reservoirs, landfills and waste management, and swimpools.

HDPE waterproofing membranes are not breathable; hence, they do not pass the water vapor. But HDPE waterproofing membranes are flexible and UV resistant; therefore, they can be installed on any outside surface. HDPE is easy to install, but it requires some expertise to ensure a watertight seal.

HDPE waterproofing membranes are easy to maintain. These membranes can occur through punctures or tears, often due to improper installation or physical stress. The cost of the HDPE waterproofing is typically ranges from $0.25 to $1.50 per square foot. 

7. PVC Waterproofing Membrane

PVC waterproofing membrane is a sheet water impervious layer made of Polyvinyl Chloride. PVC waterproofing membranes are 3 types: homogeneous PVC, PVC with a reinforcement layer, and PVC with a fleece backing.

The durability of PVC waterproofing membranes are more than 20 years with proper installation and maintenance. You can use these membranes for roof waterproofing, decks, basements, tunnels, and swimming pools. These membranes are available in the market as PVC membranes, PVC waterstops, and PVC waterproofing tapes.

These membranes are not breathable. Hence installed PVC layer can be blistered due to the air bubbles. PVC waterproofing membranes are flexible and UV resistant hence it can be used for uneven outdoor surface which is open to sunlight.

PVC waterproofing membranes are easy to install by using a heat gun for seaming and detail work. These membranes are easy to maintain and require fewer repairs. PVC waterproofing membranes can occur through punctures, cuts, or excessive wear and tear. The cost of PVC waterproofing can range from $5 to $10 per square foot, including materials and labor. 

8. Polymer Waterproofing Membrane

Polymer waterproofing is a process of applying a polymer-based solution or membrane to a surface to prevent water penetration. 3 types of Polymer waterproofing membranes are liquid-applied membranes, sheet-based membranes, and cementitious waterproofing.

Polyurethane (PU) is the most popular polymer waterproofing. Polyurethane is a liquid type of waterproofing, and it is mostly used for swimming pools, rooftops, and balcony waterproofing.

The durability of polymer waterproofing membranes is between 8 to 10 years. You can use polymer waterproofing membranes for roofs, balconies, terraces, basements, bathrooms, and other areas prone to water exposure.

These waterproofing membranes are breathable, flexible, and UV-resistant. Hence, these membranes can be used on uneven surfaces with minor movement fluctuations such as temperature changes.

Polymer waterproofing membranes are easy to install and maintain. These waterproofing membranes can be damaged by sharp objects, heavy impact, or improper installation. Chemical exposure or extreme temperatures can also cause damage.

9. Admixture Waterproofing Membrane

An admixture waterproofing membrane is a liquid-type waterproofing membrane that involves the addition of a liquid or powder admixture into the concrete mix during the batching process. This admixture helps to reduce the permeability of the concrete and makes it effectively waterproof. 

The durability of admixture waterproofing is 50 years which is similar to building service life. But durability can be varied with the temperature variation and crack formings. Admixture waterproofing is commonly used in structures such as basements, swimming pools, water tanks, and other concrete structures that need to be protected from water penetration. The admixture works by filling the pores and capillaries in the concrete. It prevents water from seeping through the concrete structure. 

The benefits of an admixture waterproofing membrane include its durability and longevity, as it becomes an integral part of the concrete structure. It does not require additional waterproofing layers or coatings to be applied on the surface. Admixture waterproofing is less expensive than other types of waterproofing membranes. 

10. Hypalon Waterproofing Membranes

Hypalon waterproofing membrane is a type of synthetic rubber membrane that is often used for waterproofing applications. Hypalon is the brand name for chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE), a product manufactured by DuPont. 

Hypalon waterproofing membranes have excellent resistance to weathering and UV light. Hence, this is suitable for use in outdoor applications. It also has good chemical resistance and can withstand exposure to a range of acids, alkalis, and solvents.

Hypalon waterproofing membranes are flexible, allowing them to accommodate movement in the structure without cracking or failing. They are also easy to install and can be adhered, mechanically fastened, or heat-welded to the substrate.

Despite these advantages, Hypalon is no longer being produced by DuPont, so availability can be a challenge. However, other manufacturers have developed similar products with comparable properties.

How to Damage a Waterproofing Membrane?

A waterproof membrane can be damaged due to these 9 ways.

1. Careless Construction activities on the waterproofing membrane
2. Improper substrate preparation for waterproof installation
3. Wrong waterproofing installation and poor skill
4. Waterproofing membranes are open to harsh chemicals
5. Waterproofing membranes is open to UV radiation
6. Inadequate drainage in the waterproofed area
7. Ponding water on the waterproof layer
8. Roots and vegetation growth through the waterproof layer
9. Poor waterproofing maintenance

We observed last 5 years that a waterproofing membrane is damaged due to careless activities such as drilling, and cutting the surface. To prevent this homeowners should have professional knowledge about the tasks.

How to Protect a Waterproofing Membrane?

We highly recommend you protect waterproofing membranes by following these essential 6 steps.

1. Install the membranes properly
2. Prevent water exposure during curing
3. Seal the joints and penetrations
4. Protect from UV rays
5. Protect from external damages
6. Do regular inspections and maintenance

What are the Liquid Waterproofing Membranes?

Liquid waterproofing membranes are a type of waterproofing solution applied as a liquid on the substrate that forms a seamless, elastic coating after curing. It creates a durable, watertight barrier to protect surfaces from water ingress.

What are the Sheet Waterproofing Membranes?

Sheet waterproofing membranes are water-impervious, pre-formed, flexible materials designed to create a waterproof barrier on surfaces. These membranes come in rolls or panels and are installed by unrolling, placing, and bonding them to the substrate. Sheet waterproofing membranes are mainly 2 types: torch membrane, and loose laid.

What is Crack Injection Waterproofing?

Crack injection waterproofing is a method used to repair and waterproof internal cracks in concrete structures, such as slabs and foundations. Crack injection is mainly two types: epoxy crack injection and polyurethane crack injection. Crack injection helps to seal the cracks in the concrete to prevent water infiltration and seepage. Crack injection is commonly used in foundation waterproofing, basement waterproofing, and bathroom waterproofing.

What are the Basement Waterproofing Membranes?

Basement waterproofing membranes are materials designed to prevent water ingress and protect basements from dampness, leaks, and structural damage. Basement waterproofing membranes are applied to the interior or exterior walls and floors of basements. It helps to create a barrier against groundwater and moisture. The most used basement waterproofing membranes are HDPE, Bituminous membranes, cementitious, EPDM, HDPE, or Polyvinyl Acetate (PVA)